Specification for order management system
Requirement:
Order Management System
Who are we?
Ghosh & Sons Pvt Ltd a company deals with 6 products (mixture, chocolates, chewing gum, toffees, chips and biscuits). All these products are stored in our warehouse from which our products are directly supplied to the retailers. We have a sales force of 50 people who collect orders from different retailers.
Specification:
We require an order management system that helps our sales force take appropriate order in accordance with our inventory at that time.
Monday, March 24, 2008
Monday, March 3, 2008
Tuesday, February 26, 2008
First Compiler
Compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language). The original sequence is usually called the source code and the output called object code. Commonly the output has a form suitable for processing by other programs (e.g., a linker), but it may be a human-readable text file.
The first compiler was developed in 1952 by Grace Hopper (for the A-0 programming language), a pioneering computer scientist.The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into machine code that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the program.
The FORTRAN team led by John Backus at IBM is generally credited as having introduced the first complete compiler, in 1957.The first compiler for pascal was written on paper by Wirth, who then ran it by hand on itself, and then manually entered the resulting machine code. By dint of attention to detail, he then had a working pascal compiler.
The first compiler was developed in 1952 by Grace Hopper (for the A-0 programming language), a pioneering computer scientist.The A-0 functioned more as a loader or linker than the modern notion of a compiler. A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification into machine code that could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the program.
The FORTRAN team led by John Backus at IBM is generally credited as having introduced the first complete compiler, in 1957.The first compiler for pascal was written on paper by Wirth, who then ran it by hand on itself, and then manually entered the resulting machine code. By dint of attention to detail, he then had a working pascal compiler.
Monday, February 11, 2008
Sunday, February 3, 2008
system architecture
Tea Time Conversation
It was Friday evening, I came back home from my MBA college for a two days holiday. I was going through my Systems Architecture slides as we were scheduled to have a quiz on the same on Monday. Then one of my neighbours Sayan who also happens to be my T.T. partner came to my place to invite me for table tennis practice. Sayan is currently studying B.com in St.Xaviers College & intend to join an I.T. course. As soon as he entered the room he saw me working on my laptop & asked me what i was doing. Knowing that i was working on Systems Architecture he wanted to know about the topic. Then we had the following discussion.
Abhi: If we want to set up a home we first need the floor plan, which groups each room by function and placing structural items within each room according to their best utility. This is not an arbitrary process but architecture. In the same way for information technology grouping data and processes for best utility is the result of deploying good architecture. Now as people can choose different types of architecture for their house according to their needs any organisation has the option of implementing any particular type of systems architecture according to their needs.
Sayan: What are the types of business architecture one has as options to choose from?
Abhi: There can be single tier architecture, two-tier architecture, three-tier architecture, multi-tier architecture.
Sayan: Would you kindly explain how these are different from each other & when would one implement which one?
Abhi: Now that would take some time and we might miss our T.T. practice for the day? Would you still like me to explain each one in details?
Sayan: Yes I would still like you to explain this to me in some details.
Abhi: Ok, so let me start explaining you what is single-tier systems architecture.
Sayan: fine.
Abhi: Single-tier architecture is an architecture in which data is separated from the application even if they reside in the same physical hardware.
Sayan: Can you please explain this with an example?
Abhi: Yes. I will explain this with the example of windows media player & mp3 song files stored in same hardware. Here mp3 song files are data & windows media player is the application or function. They both exist in the same hardware but they still can be very well separated from each other.
Sayan: Fine.
Abhi: Now the next type is the two-tier architecture. In this case the data base is situated in the main server & various applications are located in the individual machines. This data base is connected to applications located in individual machines through internet or L.A.N or through W.A.N. For example an educational institute buys any database which is stored in the main server of the institute. Now the application or the graphical user interface of that software is stored in the individual machines of the students of that institute. They access that database using those applications via internet or L.A.N.
Sayan: What are the main advantages of this?
Abhi: This will reduce the processing burden on the main server when there are many users.
Sayan: Ok. Now please explain the other types.
Abhi: Sure. The next type is three-tier architecture. It is nearly same as two-tier architecture excepting the fact that in three-tier architecture the application is separated in two parts. One part contains all the business critical applications & another part contains the general applications. We can take example of the bank. There all the business critical applications are separated from the general applications. The general applications are available locally & business critical applications are available centrally.
Sayan: Now please explain the rest in short or we will surely miss our T.T. practice.
Abhi: Sure. Finally we have the Multi-tier architecture. In certain big organisations which has branches across different geographical locations. It is not viable to use L.A.N. or W.A.N so they use internet for connection. In that case database & applications are stored in different servers. The client servers are attached to the database & the application servers. Here web server is used as an interphase between the internet and the client server. The clients can access web server using web browser via internet. As we make our data web enabled it is very crucial to prevent it from intruders. For this firewall is most commonly used data security software .We can also have consolidated multi-tier architecture and several other classification of the architecture. As we get into the depth of the subject we will find that database management & management of application becomes more complex. For this ERP implementation becomes very critical. ERP basically integrates various applications of an organisation and connect them to the integrated database. I think this information will help you to get the basic understanding of the subject & for in depth understanding we can always discuss this some other time.
It was Friday evening, I came back home from my MBA college for a two days holiday. I was going through my Systems Architecture slides as we were scheduled to have a quiz on the same on Monday. Then one of my neighbours Sayan who also happens to be my T.T. partner came to my place to invite me for table tennis practice. Sayan is currently studying B.com in St.Xaviers College & intend to join an I.T. course. As soon as he entered the room he saw me working on my laptop & asked me what i was doing. Knowing that i was working on Systems Architecture he wanted to know about the topic. Then we had the following discussion.
Abhi: If we want to set up a home we first need the floor plan, which groups each room by function and placing structural items within each room according to their best utility. This is not an arbitrary process but architecture. In the same way for information technology grouping data and processes for best utility is the result of deploying good architecture. Now as people can choose different types of architecture for their house according to their needs any organisation has the option of implementing any particular type of systems architecture according to their needs.
Sayan: What are the types of business architecture one has as options to choose from?
Abhi: There can be single tier architecture, two-tier architecture, three-tier architecture, multi-tier architecture.
Sayan: Would you kindly explain how these are different from each other & when would one implement which one?
Abhi: Now that would take some time and we might miss our T.T. practice for the day? Would you still like me to explain each one in details?
Sayan: Yes I would still like you to explain this to me in some details.
Abhi: Ok, so let me start explaining you what is single-tier systems architecture.
Sayan: fine.
Abhi: Single-tier architecture is an architecture in which data is separated from the application even if they reside in the same physical hardware.
Sayan: Can you please explain this with an example?
Abhi: Yes. I will explain this with the example of windows media player & mp3 song files stored in same hardware. Here mp3 song files are data & windows media player is the application or function. They both exist in the same hardware but they still can be very well separated from each other.
Sayan: Fine.
Abhi: Now the next type is the two-tier architecture. In this case the data base is situated in the main server & various applications are located in the individual machines. This data base is connected to applications located in individual machines through internet or L.A.N or through W.A.N. For example an educational institute buys any database which is stored in the main server of the institute. Now the application or the graphical user interface of that software is stored in the individual machines of the students of that institute. They access that database using those applications via internet or L.A.N.
Sayan: What are the main advantages of this?
Abhi: This will reduce the processing burden on the main server when there are many users.
Sayan: Ok. Now please explain the other types.
Abhi: Sure. The next type is three-tier architecture. It is nearly same as two-tier architecture excepting the fact that in three-tier architecture the application is separated in two parts. One part contains all the business critical applications & another part contains the general applications. We can take example of the bank. There all the business critical applications are separated from the general applications. The general applications are available locally & business critical applications are available centrally.
Sayan: Now please explain the rest in short or we will surely miss our T.T. practice.
Abhi: Sure. Finally we have the Multi-tier architecture. In certain big organisations which has branches across different geographical locations. It is not viable to use L.A.N. or W.A.N so they use internet for connection. In that case database & applications are stored in different servers. The client servers are attached to the database & the application servers. Here web server is used as an interphase between the internet and the client server. The clients can access web server using web browser via internet. As we make our data web enabled it is very crucial to prevent it from intruders. For this firewall is most commonly used data security software .We can also have consolidated multi-tier architecture and several other classification of the architecture. As we get into the depth of the subject we will find that database management & management of application becomes more complex. For this ERP implementation becomes very critical. ERP basically integrates various applications of an organisation and connect them to the integrated database. I think this information will help you to get the basic understanding of the subject & for in depth understanding we can always discuss this some other time.
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